MESOTHELIOMA

Pleural mesothelioma

The pleural mesothelioma is of two kinds: (1) diffuse and malignant (cancer patients), and (2) localised and benign (non-cancerous.)

Benign mesotheliomes can often be removed surgically, are generally not representing a danger to the life, and are not usually related to the asbestos exposure. The malignant mesotheliomes, however, are very serious. Fortunately, they are rare - approximately two thousand people are diagnosed every year with the mesothelioma in the United States.

The remainder of this section is about the diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma.

The pleural mesothelioma is a cancer of the cells which compose the pl�vre or the lining around the outside of the lungs and the interior of the veins. Its only known in the United States east preceding exposure to asbestos fibres, including chrysotile, the amosite or crocidolite causes. This exposure is likely to have twenty products years or more before the disease becomes obvious, since that takes many years for the disease with incubates. It is the most common type of mesothelioma, explaining approximately 75% of all the cases.

The mesothelioma is sometimes diagnosed coincidentally, before there are all the symptoms. For example, of the tumours were discovered by current radiographies of the chest. However, when the symptoms occur, they can include the brevity of the breath, the weakness, the weight loss, the loss of appetite, the pains of trunk, the lumbagos, persistent cough, the difficulty in ingestion, only or in association. A first medical examination often shows a pleural overflowing, which means an accumulation of fluid in pleural space - the sector between the lungs and the thoracic wall.

The first stage by detecting the pleural mesothelioma is, typically, a radiography of the chest or sweeping of CT. This is often followed of a bronchoscopy, using a range of viewing to look inside the lungs.

The real diagnosis usually requires to obtain a piece of fabric by a biopsy. This could be a biopsy of needle, an opened biopsy, or by a tube with a camera (thoracoscopy or the range of trunk.) If an anomaly is seen by the camera whereas a fabric sample can be taken at the same time, using the same tube. It is a process of hospital which requires the anaesthesia, but is not usually painful. The fabric sample is examined by a pathologist.

The liquid preparing of pleural overflowing can generally be seen on a radiography of the chest and be heard during a physical examination, but a firm diagnosis of the mesothelioma can only be made by a biopsy and a pathological test. It is important because there are also benign pleural overflowings and other tumours which have an aspect similar to the mesothelioma. The diagnosis of the mesothelioma can be completely difficult; it requires the special spots of laboratory, and much of experiment of arrangement they.

The diffusion of the tumour above the pl�vre causes pleural thickening. This can reduce the flexibility of the pl�vre and pack the lungs in an increasingly restrictive belt. The lungs being limited, they become smaller and less functional, and breathing becomes more difficult. First of all a person with the mesothelioma can be only blown when him or she is exerted, but as falls of function of lung, him or she can become shorts of breath even all while resting.

The tumour draws aside by direct surrounding fabric invasion. While it draws aside the interior it can compress the lungs. While the tumour draws aside outside it can invade the thoracic wall and the veins, and this can be extremely painful.

The current medical science does not know exactly how and why, on a cellular level, the asbestos fibres make become the abnormal cells mesothelial (malignant or cancer patients.) Thus it is not known so only one fibre causes the tumour or if it takes many fibres. It seems that the asbestos fibres in the pl�vre can begin a tumour as well as to support its growth; the tumour does not depend on any other process for its development.

There is up to now no treatment known for the malignant mesothelioma. The forecast depends on various factors, including the size and the stage of the tumour, the width of the tumour, the type of cells, and if the tumour reacts to the treatment. The company represented many customers who lived during five to ten years after diagnosis, the majority of them in the good health for a majority of these years. Some victims of mesothelioma succumb in a few months; the average time of survival is approximately a year.

The options of treatment for people with the mesothelioma improved appreciably, particularly for those whose cancer is diagnosed early and vigorously treated. Many people are treated with a combination of the therapies, sometimes known under the name of multimode therapy.

The specific types of treatment include:

*� chemotherapy and other drug-based therapies
*� radiation therapy
*� surgery and
*� Intra-operative photodynamic therapy.

There are also experimental treatments like the genic therapy and the immunoth�rapie, the inhibitors of angiogen�se, and the tests clinical for various new treatments and combinations of the treatments.

The treatments which reduce the pain and improve the function of lung, gain a great success more over (although they cannot treat the mesothelioma.) Drugs of ordering of pain it became easier to manage. Debulking is a surgical process to remove a substantial part of the tumour and to reduce pleural thickening; this can provide the significant assistance. The therapy of x-ray also was successfully employed to order the tumour and the pain related to it during one moment.

Mesothelioma p�riton�al

Several of the bodies in the abdomen are wrapped by a thin membrane of the cells mesothelial, known under the name of peritoneum.

The mesothelioma p�riton�al is a tumour of this membrane. Its only causes known in the United States east preceding exposure to asbestos, but it can be much years after the exposure before the disease appears. The p�riton�aux mesotheliomes explain approximately a fifth of all the mesotheliomes.

Like the pleural mesothelioma, the mesothelioma p�riton�al can be benign or malignant. This discussion is only about the malignant mesothelioma p�riton�al.

The mesothelioma is sometimes diagnosed coincidentally, before all the symptoms appeared. For example, the tumour is sometimes seen on an abdominal x-ray running for a control or before surgery.

When the symptoms of the mesothelioma p�riton�al appear, they typically include abdominal pains, the weakness, the weight loss, the loss of appetite, nausea, and abdominal swelling. The fluid often accumulates in space p�riton�al, a condition known under the name of ascite. With time the symptoms of wasting can become increasingly serious.

The increasing tumour can exert the increasing pressure on the bodies in the abdomen, driving with the obstruction of entrails and the distension. If the tumour presses upwards, it can deteriorate the respiratory capacity. If the tumour pushes against sectors with many nervous fibres, and the entrails dilate, the quantity of pain can increase.

X-rays and sweepings of CT are, typically, the first stage towards detecting the mesothelioma p�riton�al. The real diagnosis is typically carried out by obtaining a piece of fabric. The medical process to look at the peritoneum is known as a peritoneoscopy. It is a process of hospital and requires the anaesthesia. If an anomaly is seen, the doctor will try to obtain a fabric sample - this is known like biopsy. The fabric sample will be examined by a pathologist who makes a diagnosis using the analysis under the microscope of the specialized spots.

There are at least two explanations for the way in which the asbestos fibres can enter the peritoneum. First is that the fibres caught by the mucus of the trachea and the bronchi finish absorbed being. Some of them places in the intestinal area and there of them can enter by the intestinal wall the peritoneum. The second explanation is that fibres which place in the lungs can enter the lymphatic system and be transported to the peritoneum.

The medical science does not know exactly how or why, on a cellular level, carcinogenic like asbestos makes become a malignant cell (cancer patients.) Thus it is not known so only one fibre can make develop a tumour or if it takes many fibres, or what are the exact conditions and predispositions so that this change occurs.

Currently there are the treatments, but no known treatment, for the mesothelioma p�riton�al. The forecast depends on various factors, including the size and the stage of the tumour, its width, the type of cells, and if the tumour reacts to the treatment.

However, the options for the relief and the treatment of the people with the mesothelioma p�riton�al improved, particularly for those whose cancer is diagnosed early and vigorously treated. Many people receive a combination of the therapies, sometimes known under the name of multimode therapy. The specific types of treatment include:

*� chemotherapy and other drug-based therapies
*� radiation therapy
*� and surgery.

There are also clinical tests and various experimental treatments like the genic therapy and the immunoth�rapie, and the antiangiogenesis additive.

Mesothelioma of the testicle of Vaginalis de Tunica

The mesothelioma of the testicle of vaginalis of tunica is the least common type of the malignant mesothelioma (rising with less than 100 of all the documented cases of the disease) and of affects the section of mesothelium called the testicle of vaginalis of tunica (the lining mesothelial around the testicles). The majority of the patients are in their 50s or more old man, but approximately ten percent of the patients are younger than 25 years. Patients generally present with a hydrocele (an accumulation of fluid serous in a cavity bag-like (like scrotum)) or hernia. The treatment is usually a top orchiectomy inguinal (surgical excision of the whole affected testicle by an incision in the lower abdomen - also called orchidectomy). The forecast is slightly better than for the pleural mesothelioma.

The symptoms which are associated with this cancer include:

• Hydrocele (a bag filled with fluid fixed at a testicle)
• Suspect�e hernia

Less than 100 cases of mesothelioma gonadal were brought back in the literature, and although the majority of the patients are in their 50s or more old man, roughly 10% of the patients are younger than 25 years. The asbestos exposure is documented in roughly a half of the cases more recently reported. The patients generally present themselves with a hydrocele or a hernia. A precise preoperative diagnosis was reported in only two cases.

All the patients presenting a malignity testiculaire suspect�e should undergo a orchiectomy inguinal radical or high.

The r�section of the local tumour or hydrocelectomy is associated with an high rate of repetition compared with top orchiectomy inguinal. Since the preoperative diagnosis of the mesothelioma gonadal is difficult, management should be as for any tumour testiculaire. The approach inguinale avoids the interruption of the lymphatics scrotal, which would change the metastatic way of the tumour, and also allows the complete displacement of the cord spermatic to the internal ring. The patients presenting the obviousness of the disease advancing to the nodes retroperitoneal should undergo a lymphadenectomy retroperitoneal.

The rate total of repetition (room and disseminated) for the mesothelioma gonadal can be as high as 52%, with 38% of died of patients of the progression of the disease. The local repetition occurs in 36% of patients who undergo the local r�section of the wall of hydrocele; 10% after orchiectomy scrotal and 12% after orchiectomy inguinal. More than 60% of repetitions developed in the first 2 years of the follow-up. The median survival of the patients made the 23 month average. There are few data concerning the use of the auxiliary therapy after the r�section of the mesothelioma gonadal.

Mesothelioma p�riton�al

The mesothelioma p�riton�al is the second common type of the malignant mesothelioma (explaining one 10% approximate with 20% of all the documented cases of the disease) and of affects the section of mesothelium called the peritoneum (the lining mesothelial of the abdomen). The mesothelioma p�riton�al generally is caused by the ingestion of cancerogenic asbestos fibres. The inhaled asbestos fibres can become placed in the mucous lining the mouth and the oesophagus. Once swallowed, she travels by the digestive system where she can potentially become placed and to develop in tumour.

Some of the notable symptoms which are associated with the mesothelioma p�riton�al include:

Swelling

• Weight loss
• Abdominal mass
• Count lowered red globule (weakens)
• Fever
• Obstruction of entrails
• Problems of coagulation of blood